Ratio and Proportion

Ratio and proportion are mathematical concepts used to compare quantities and establish relationships between them.

1. Ratio: A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division. It is expressed as a fraction, with one quantity divided by the other. Ratios can be written in several forms, such as using the colon symbol (":"), as a fraction, or as a decimal. For example, if there are 3 red balls and 5 blue balls, the ratio of red balls to blue balls is 3:5.

2. Proportion: A proportion is an equation that states two ratios are equal. It shows that two ratios have the same value. Proportions are often used to solve problems involving unknown quantities or to compare different quantities. For example, if 4 red balls and 6 blue balls make a total of 10 balls, then the ratio of red balls to the total number of balls (4:10) is equal to the ratio of blue balls to the total number of balls (6:10), thus forming a proportion.